These kinases activate TNF receptor-associated factor 6 leading to the translocation of transcription factors into the nucleus and to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Various negative regulators of the TLR signaling cascade have been described. The adaptor protein toll interacting protein keeps the cascade in a quiescent state before activation, while the non-functional kinase IRAK3, but also suppressors of cytokine signaling -1 and SOCS-3 are known to act as negative feedback inhibitors. Cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules of the innate immunity guide T helper cell activation and differentiation. TH1 response is associated with inflammation and autoimmunity, the TH2 response with IgE-mediated allergy. TREG cells confer suppressive activity on TH1 and TH2. Immunoglobulin class switching recombination exchanges the constant region of the antibody. It is induced either T helper cell-dependent through interaction of the CD40 ligand with CD40 on B cells or innate immunity-dependent without contribution of T helper cells through B lymphocyte stimulator protein and a proliferation-inducing ligand. Cytokines such as IFN-c or IL-4 determine the kind of isotype the constant region of the antibody switches to through induction of transcription of so called germ-line transcripts. GLT make the DNA accessible for the recombinase AICDA making the CSR. The goal of the PARSIFAL study was to identify potential factors from rural and anthroposophic lifestyles having a protective effect against allergies in children. Here, we assessed among the Swiss Masitinib VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor children of the PARSIFAL study the gene expressions of essential molecules of the innate and the adaptive immunity and their association with farm-life and allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, immunoglobulin CSR to IgE, and total or allergen-specific IgE in sera with the aim to better understand the immunological basis of the hygiene hypothesis using the example of farmers’ children. In this study we show that farmers’ children have an increased expression of innate immunity and regulatory molecules, which may lead to changes in thresholds for the activation of an inflammatory immune response. However, no significant association between gene expressions and allergic diseases or atopic sensitization was shown. Investigations comparing farmers with urban children or taking into account the gut microbial flora, the nutrition, or infections might clarify this issue in more detail. Moreover, although our data showed no shift in T helper cell balance in farmers’children, different levels of T helper cellassociated cytokines were observed. Additionally, immunoglobulin CSR to IgE was enhanced via T cell activation shown by strong positive associations between the expression Ce GLT and the expression of CD40L or the T helper cell transcription factors. Although farmers’ children expressed more TH2 transcription factor GATA-3 and this was associated with enhanced switching to IgE, they were less sensitized what indicates other immunological mechanisms to be important.