Although we can conclude that the most frequent DSE fungi are generalists, more studies are necessary to obtain data from the individual to the ecosystem level. Mandyam et al. studied several Periconia isolates and concluded that DSE fungi have ��broad host range��, but there was a considerable difference in the characteristics and effects of the conspecific isolates. Mandyam et al. suggested a kind of ��greater compatibility�� of the DSE isolates they studied with grasses than with other plants used in the experiments. It is relatively difficult to address whether there is a certain DSE fungus with specificity for grasses, as studies characterizing RAF and DSE communities are dominated with works focusing on grasses. The seasonality of DSE fungi has been addressed in previous works. However, these works studied the seasonality of colonization by DSE fungi. Based on the results of our sampling in different seasons, the dominant members of the DSE community were not restricted to a certain period of the year. Nevertheless, understanding the seasonal dynamics, both functional and compositional, of DSE communities requires further studies. In addition to the Abmole PF-562271 native plants, we studied the DSE fungi that colonized alien, invasive plants of the area. Ailanthus altissima, Asclepias syriaca and Ambrosia artemisiifolia are important invaders causing not only ecological but economic problems as well. Each of the three species was found to be colonized by DSE fungi in the present work and in previous studies carried out in the region. The possible effects of soil microbiota on invasive plants and on the success of invasion is generally known, and the effects of mycorrhizal colonization have been frequently studied. However, we are not aware of any study on the DSE fungi that colonize invasive plants. The DSE colonization of Asclepias syriaca and Ambrosia artemisiifolia were studied in their native environments in North America, and both were found to be colonized by DSE; the former was also used in experiments with Periconia isolates. A successful invasive plant cannot depend exclusively on specific symbiotic partners, and we assume that the generalist root-colonizing fungi will colonize alien and invasive plants. In our study, the dominant, frequent DSE groups were isolated from the roots of the invasive plants as well as the native plants, which XVA 939 Abmole Isoflurane and sevoflurane affects Wnt/catenin signaling pathways in hippocampal formation of neonatal rats supports the hypothesis that those fungi are generalists with a wide host range. As the DSE fungi are frequent and their role in plant survival in a stressful environment could be important, we may assume that those fungi could also help invasive plants in these environments.