During its feeding, the insect vector deposits feces and urine containing metacyclic forms, which are usually self-inoculated by the host when scraping the wound caused by the insect bite. The successful survival of the parasite in different environments throughout its life cycle depends on its ability to maintain intracellular homeostasis of ions and nutrients and the ability to catabolize different substrates to obtain energy. Thus, the activity of transporters allowing the uptake of solutes across the parasite cytoplasmic membrane and the metabo-lism of certain amino acids are crucial processes at various points in the T. cruzi life cycle. Among these nutrients,Regorafenib several amino acids play important roles in many biological processes. Some metabolic pathways are particularly important under stress situations such as the interconversion between arginine and phosphoarginine by the enzyme arginine kinase. This enzyme is regulated throughout the different growth phases and is involved in resistance to pH and nutritional stress conditions and in oxidative stress. Other examples include the involvement of glycine, alanine,Dasatinib proline and glutamate in osmoregulation and cell volume control during all stages of the parasite, in addition to the use of proline, glutamate and aspartate as energy and carbon sources and in the metacyclogenesis process. In particular, L-proline is an important metabolite that is involved in the differentiation of intracellular epimastigote to trypomastigote forms, which is required for the establishment of infection in the mammalian host. Previous work showed that L-proline was taken up from the extracellular environment through two active transporters and converted into five intermediates of the Krebs cycle, pyruvate and the amino acids glutamate and aspartate, which are rapidly metabolized. This seemed to comprise a conventional proline oxidation pathway. This idea is supported by the presence of two putative genes encoding proline oxidases and one putative gene encoding a pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase annotated in the T. cruzi genome database.