Ali et al. reported that application of ALA concentration facilitated Cd stressed plants to detoxify the ROS using the antioxidant enzyme in B. napus. ALA alleviates the membrane peroxidation resulting from ROS produced under stress Estradiol conditions through different metabolism, and antioxidant capacity modulation was reported to be one of important pathways in many investigations. GSH is an important component of the antioxidant system that scavenges ROS either directly or indirectly by participating in the ascorbate�C glutathione cycle. The key role of GSH in the antioxidant defense system is due to its ability to Dimesna regenerate ascorbate through reduction of dehydroascorbate via the ascorbate�Cglutathione cycle. The high concentrations of AsA and GSH play roles in alleviating the injury caused by ROS. ALA application at low concentrations can enhance the GSH contents in the roots of B. napus. In the presence of cold stress, GSH, AsA, total glutathione, total ascorbate concentrations, and the ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/oxidized ascorbate increased significantly when applied with ALA. Similarly, Liu et al. reported that PEG treatment increases the concentrations of GSH and AsA and the ratios of AsA/oxidized ascorbate and GSH/ GSSG, as well as decreases ROS level. ALA pretreatment can induce the synthesis of heme-based molecules. ROS induction under cold stress may be due to the reason that ALA is a precursor of heme biosynthesis, so it can boast up the activities of heme-based molecules and can help in scavenging the ROS under cold conditions. Seed treatment with ALA is known to improve GP and physiological processes under various stress conditions. Similar observation had shown that ALA as a pre-soaking seed treatment improved the low-temperature resistance of pepper by enhancing final GP and germination rate. Our results indicated that the treatment with ALA significantly enhanced GP for both sources of E. nutans seeds. Likewise, application of ALA treatment increased the seed germination of pakchoi, which was due to the improved seed respiration rate under salt stress. The results were consistent with our finding that ALA treatment increased seed respiration rate in both sources of E. nutans seeds.