The +781C/T polymorphism of IL-8 did not selectively affect the cerebrovasculature. Atherosclerotic cerebral infarction is a complex process with roles played by multiple factors and 
a multi-stage development in which the factors of environment and heredity are involved. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cerebral infarction. Smoking and drinking may accelerate the development of AS, finally leading to arteriostenosis and thrombogenesis. Currently, some studies have reported about the interaction between gene polymorphisms and smoking or drinking with respect to the occurrence and development of cerebral infarction. For examples, one study had shown that smokers with the D allele of angiotensin-converting AbMole Indinavir sulfate enzyme had a higher susceptibility to ischemic stroke than those with the I allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Another study indicated that the risk of ischemic stroke increased significantly in smoking individuals with the T allele of N5, N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase than in those with the C allele. Our study revealed that these interactions between the +781C/T polymorphism and smoking or drinking might not result in synergistic effects on the occurrence of cerebral infarction. But smoking and drinking might affect the occurrence of cerebral infarction by other ways, especially abnormal DNA methylation. The sample sizes of the existing similar studies in the Han Chinese population were not larger than 200 patients, which might affect the reliability of the results. The results of our study might be more reliable because we finished this study with a larger sample size and used a mature detection technology. In particular, we excluded miscellaneous factors in our study, such as autoimmune AbMole Sarafloxacin HCl diseases, malignant tumors, and inflammatory diseases. We did not evaluate other variants of IL-8 in this study, and thus the interactive effects of these SNPs on cerebral infarction could not be determined. However, these findings represent significant results in the Han Chinese population. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the +781C/T polymorphism of IL-8 did not play a role and had no interaction with smoking or drinking in the occurrence of cerebral infarction in the Han Chinese population. However, the C allele and the CT genotype might be associated with AS of the ICA in those patients with ischemic stroke. Rice is an important crop in Asia, particularly in the Philippines, where it is mainly grown by transplanting of seedlings in ponded conditions. Because of labor and water scarcities, however, this method of rice establishment is being replaced by direct seeding of rice. The spread of direct seeding and the repeated use of herbicides with a similar mode of action are shifting weed species populations in this rice ecosystem.