The lower lifespan of rats whose dams fed low-protein diet during perinatal period had been shown in earlier studies but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The potential factors have been investigated as oxidative injury in key tissues and telomere shortening. During the young phase, high blood glucose levels were indeed observed at ZT-0 in control 4-(Benzyloxy)phenol tryptophan and control saline groups but could not be related to food intake. However, during the adult phase, we have found a shift in profiles. These results indicate that there are intimate interactions between the clockwork and the cellular metabolism. In the future, we could realize epigenetic profiling of 
each cell line to dissect the molecular cascades altered relatively to the original rat diet. Another avenue of research is to establish primary cell lines of embryos from Low-protein or control-fed mothers to check for some difference at the onset of period1 gene regulation by CLOCK:BMAL1 activity in relation to autophagy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the young phase is characterized by transient behavior and metabolic variations which can be traced at the molecular level on living cells. The general aim was to design functional assays with living cells which may be sampled in long term experiments under similar conditions as ours or with humans by non-invasive means like skin fibroblasts, hair follicles, urinary cells or exfoliated cells of gastric, or nasal epitheliums. The availability of 50 primary cell lines retaining nutritional stress-related alterations in PERIOD1 expression open the way to design functional assays on living cells on the dynamic of the circadian epigenome like determining if the profile of H3K9/K14 histone acetylation in fibroblasts is comparable to the one found in neurons. The sudden and unexpected emergence in 2009 and subsequent rapid global spread of a novel influenza virus, Apdm09, was yet another reminder of the ongoing challenges posed by this rapidly evolving class of respiratory viruses to world health. Both its seeming defiance early on of well-established patterns of seasonality, initial alarming reports of its heightened virulence in segments of the population not necessarily conforming to conventional risk groups, atypical clinical manifestations, and rapid emergence of Apdm09 virus as the major influenza virus causing human disease worldwide further augmented concerns about the potential Mepiroxol threat of this novel virus to previous gains in prevention and management of this respiratory infection. These concerns galvanized a global effort both to study and control Apdm09 virus infection through new and heightened surveillance, improved international communication, as well as the rapid development, testing, and deployment of vaccine strategies effective against the novel virus. Fortunately, whether as a direct major consequence of these efforts alone or perhaps more as a combination of these efforts with still poorly understood elements of the biology of the virus itself, influenza Apdm09 virus has remained a major circulating human influenza virus but failed to reach the heights of morbidity and mortality previously feared. While largely still retaining its sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors, along the way it also assumed a more typical seasonal pattern of incidence and currently is considered a seasonal subtype of H1N1.