Studies in both industrialized and developing countries SAR131675 VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor report inconsistent results concerning the consequences of maternal HIV infection on fetal growth. Some authors report that anthropometric measures for both HIV-infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers are significantly lower than those for infants born to HIV-negative mothers. Other studies failed to detect any maternal HIV-related effects on growth. The reported effects on fetal growth of antiretroviral therapy used during pregnancy are similarly contradictory. There is also conflicting data regarding perinatal HIVexposure and post natal infant growth. Some authors report no differences whereas others have observed growth faltering in HIVexposed uninfected infants. These discrepancies may be the consequence of methodological issues, and in particular the use in most of these studies of anthropometric statistics that do not take into account both gestational age at delivery and gender. Programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission have been implemented and are generally successful in sub-Saharan Africa: they include improved healthcare coverage and access to antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected women and their infants. As a result, most infants now escape HIV infection and the number of HIV-exposed uninfected infants will AG-013736 increase. Therefore, data on HIV-exposed uninfected infant growth are needed as a basis for preventive strategies to ensure appropriate care and to evaluate the impact of HIV and antiretroviral drug use on infant life. We estimated the frequency of SGAG among HIV-infected and uninfected newborns to HIV-infected mothers, and compared these values to those for newborns to uninfected mothers, in urban settings of Cameroon. We used data from the ongoing ANRSPediacam study, in which infants were enrolled at birth or before the 8th day of life. We studied birth weight z-scores adjusted on gestational age at delivery and gender to appreciate the effects of maternal HIV infection on the risk 
of SGAG in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. We investigated the effect of maternal HIV infection on standardized birth weight using data from the ANRS-PEDIACAM study collected in three referral hospitals in the two biggest cities of Cameroon. Almost all HIV-infected mothers at these hospitals were contacted, and the study enrollment rate was 85%. The use of ART prophylaxis to reduce vertical transmission is becoming a standard in these hospitals, and indeed about 90% of HIV-infected mothers included in our study reported the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy or at delivery. Our main result we report is the strong association between maternal HIV infection and both SGAG and infant HIV status. Overall, the proportion of SGAG was 3.5% among HIVunexposed uninfected infants, twice as high among HIVexposed uninfected infants and nearly seven times higher among HIV-infected infants. Compared to HIV-exposed uninfected infants, and taking into account several potential confounders, SGAG was significantly more frequent among HIVinfected infants and less frequent among HIV-unexposed uninfected infants. Also, we observed that HIV-unexposed uninfected infants had higher birth weight Z-scores and HIV-infected infants had lower birth weight Z-scores than HIV-exposed uninfected infants.