Into dopamine which in turn led to increased deposition of pre-melanin granules in the cuticle. When the cuticle of three other species of melanic lepidopteran larvae were imaged using light and transmission electron microscopy, researchers found that melanin granules in the cuticle produced the melanic phenotypes in these larvae. Taken together, these studies suggest that mutations influencing JH production are likely to contribute to larval melanism in Lepidoptera via disruption of this hormone’s repressive effect on the deposition of melanin granules in the cuticle. More recently, however, studies have used knowledge of the genetic basis of melanism in D. melanogaster to identify the genetic basis of melanism in the Bombyx mori ”sooty” larval mutant. This approach has shown that mutations in ebony,a gene in the melanin biochemical pathway, produces the melanic phenotype. From the above we can conclude that melanism in the Lepidoptera can arise through different genetic mechanisms. As c-Myc-expressing cells show impaired proliferation and rapid senescence in the absence of the Werner DNA helicase, we DAPT further hypothesize that WRN is required to minimize replication stress during c-Myc driven S-phase. These findings reveal the importance of subcellular antioxidant expression on the functional outcome. Here, we hypothesize that targeted catalase expression in the mitochondria can enhance exercise performance in mice. To test this hypothesis, we engineered the mitochondrial-targeted catalase gene in serotype-9 recombinant adeno-associated viral vector. After systemic delivery in newborn C57Bl/6 mice, we confirmed ectopic mitochondrial catalase expression. At the three months of the age, we examined exercise performance. In support of our hypothesis, running distance was significantly increased in AAV infected mice. Interestingly, mitochondrial targeted catalase expression did not alter the contractile profile in the isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle. The easiest and most cost effective means of surveillance is monitoring the progression of polymorphisms associated with resistance, but the number of molecular markers currently known to confer resistance is limited. Further analysis revealed that decreased expression of 90 microRNAs in medulloblastoma were statistically significant. This list was then examined to separate the microRNAs that were expressed in all three cerebellar samples and statistically decreased in all three medulloblastoma samples. This narrowed the list of statistically significant human microRNAs with decreased expression in all three medulloblastoma samples to 30 microRNAs. Of note, many of the microRNAs had previously been identified as being enriched in normal brain. Some but not all of these microRNAs were also reported previously as being decreased in medulloblastoma as compared to normal cerebellum.