We show that mutants in lump are not defective for RNAi, miRNA processing, or Stellate suppression, but are defective for late stage sperm development and male fertility. This gene product was independently identified as a male fertility factor by Gerbasi et al. We show here that LUMP, a protein predicted to encode two double-stranded RNA binding domains, is a previously unknown regulator of the late stages of male germ cell development. Mutations in lump are the direct cause of the male fertility defects, as the defects are reverted by precise excision or germline rescue. We also show this protein has a developmentally regulated nuclear to cytoplasmic localization shift in male germ cells. We find LUMP expression is not restricted to the testes, but this tissue appears to be the most sensitive to reduced LUMP function. Adjuvants are compounds that modify the effects of other compounds without having any direct effects themselves. In most cases they are added to a BU 4061T Proteasome inhibitor pesticide formulation to increase the performance of the active ingredients or to make the formulation chemically more stable. Depending on the usage, two different types of adjuvants are distinguished, spray adjuvants and formulation additives. Spray adjuvants also called tank mix adjuvants are added in the spray tank along with the pesticide just before application on the field. The second type of adjuvants called formulation additives or inert ingredients are part of the pesticide formulation. Besides solvents, surfactants and especially non-ionic surfactants make up the largest group of adjuvants, a simplified overview of the most important chemical classes is listed in Figure 1. This large and heterogeneous group of chemicals is used in pesticides, detergents, personal care and many other products. Due to their variety in applications, adjuvants are the chemicals that are produced and consumed in the largest volumes in the world and most of them end up in detectable levels dispersed in different environmental compartments and in our food chain. Nevertheless, there is a lack in current legislation concerning the use and allowable residue levels of adjuvants. Current regulation concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market, Directive 91/414/EEC, does not specifically deal with adjuvants. The upcoming new regulation 1107/2009 replaces the Directives 79/117/EEG and 91/ 414/EEG and will apply from June 2011. The new regulation acknowledges the need for more toxicological information regarding all the components of plant protection products and claims a better protection of human, animal and environmental health by applying the precautionary principle. Adjuvants will make part of future pesticide risk evaluations and a list of forbidden adjuvants for use in crop protection will be constructed when more information becomes available. Industry has to take responsibility to demonstrate that substances or products produced and placed on the market do not have any harmful effect on human or animal health or any unacceptable effects on the environment.