Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are often linked, particularly in interstitial lung disease. For instance, in patients with sarcoid lung disease, SAA correlated with collagen deposition and lung fibrosis and negative correlation of lung functions and SAA was found. Recombinant SAA potently stimulated the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in lung fibroblasts in culture. Importantly, these stimulatory effects of SAA on cytokine gene expression occurred at physiologic concentrations of SAA. We previously reported that SAA stimulated IL-6 in human endothelial cells in culture and IL-8, MMP-3 proteins and NF-ƘB DNA binding activity were up-regulated by SAA in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In this study we report stimulation of IL-6 in lung fibroblasts at the mRNA level and secreted cytokine production. IL-6 is emerging as a potentially important mediator of fibrosis in SSc. In fibroblasts, SAA has been recently shown to trigger a TLR2-dependent innate immune pathway, contributing to induction of IL-6, and potentially linking SAA to innate immunity and fibrosis in SSc. IL-6 is implicated in the regulation of collagen gene expression and extracellular matrix production. Furthermore, levels of IL-6 are elevated in serum and lesional tissue of patients with SSc. Treatment of SSc patients with anti-IL-6 intervention was shown to have beneficial effects in a small clinical trial. IL-8 is a multifunctional chemokine produced primarily by macrophages, and exerting potent effects on chemotaxis and angiogenesis. Scleroderma fibroblasts spontaneously secrete IL-8. We and others have shown that levels of IL-8 are elevated in the serum, as well as in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, from patients with SSc. The present results demonstrate elevated circulating SAA levels in a subset of SSc patients that are correlated with symptoms and signs of SSc-associated pulmonary involvement. The biological implications of these findings remain to be elucidated. It is noteworthy, however, that in lung fibroblasts, SAA acts as a direct stimulus for the synthesis of IL-6 and IL-8, mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc and its pulmonary complications. Longitudinal studies to determine if baseline SAA levels in SSc predict disease activity or progression, and whether changes in SAA levels over time correlate with changes in measures of disease activity, seem warranted. Nearsightedness arises from a mismatch between the focal power of the optical components and the axial length. It is the most commonly found disorder in the development of the juvenile eye and steadily rises in prevalence, currently affecting 30–50% of young adults in Europe and around 80% in Asia. Recent studies have shown that Trichostatin A outdoor exposure seems to be a promising approach to reduce the development of myopia – children who spend more time outdoors appear to be less likely to become myopic. A number of possible factors can be suggested for the protective effect of outdoor exposure, such as light intensity, physical activity, viewing distance, variations in accommodative requirement, which have been systematically discussed by a recent review. Rose et al. were the first to suggest that light intensity might be an important factor and this assumption has gained accumulating experimental evidence in animals. Specifically, with the urbanization of modern world, humans tend to spend more time indoors with illuminances typically ranging from 100 lux to 500 lux. Compared with the outdoor illuminance, the indoor illuminance is very much lower. Cohen et al., observed that chickens raised at low light for extended periods developed significant myopia, as compared to those reared under standard or high light level.